1 Kings 3:1

Authorized King James Version

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And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD, and the wall of Jerusalem round about.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּתְחַתֵּ֣ן made affinity H2859
וַיִּתְחַתֵּ֣ן made affinity
Strong's: H2859
Word #: 1 of 26
to give (a daughter) away in marriage; hence (generally) to contract affinity by marriage
שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה And Solomon H8010
שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה And Solomon
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 2 of 26
shelomah, david's successor
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 3 of 26
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
פַּרְעֹ֗ה Pharaoh's H6547
פַּרְעֹ֗ה Pharaoh's
Strong's: H6547
Word #: 4 of 26
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
מֶ֣לֶךְ king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 5 of 26
a king
מִצְרָ֑יִם of Egypt H4714
מִצְרָ֑יִם of Egypt
Strong's: H4714
Word #: 6 of 26
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
וַיִּקַּ֣ח and took H3947
וַיִּקַּ֣ח and took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 7 of 26
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בַּת daughter H1323
בַּת daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 9 of 26
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
פַּרְעֹ֗ה Pharaoh's H6547
פַּרְעֹ֗ה Pharaoh's
Strong's: H6547
Word #: 10 of 26
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
וַיְבִיאֶ֙הָ֙ and brought H935
וַיְבִיאֶ֙הָ֙ and brought
Strong's: H935
Word #: 11 of 26
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 12 of 26
near, with or among; often in general, to
עִ֣יר her into the city H5892
עִ֣יר her into the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 13 of 26
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
דָּוִ֔ד of David H1732
דָּוִ֔ד of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 14 of 26
david, the youngest son of jesse
עַ֣ד H5704
עַ֣ד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 15 of 26
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
כַּלֹּת֗וֹ until he had made an end H3615
כַּלֹּת֗וֹ until he had made an end
Strong's: H3615
Word #: 16 of 26
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
לִבְנ֤וֹת of building H1129
לִבְנ֤וֹת of building
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 17 of 26
to build (literally and figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 18 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בֵּ֣ית and the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית and the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 19 of 26
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 20 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בֵּ֣ית and the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית and the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 21 of 26
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יְהוָ֔ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 22 of 26
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 23 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
חוֹמַ֥ת and the wall H2346
חוֹמַ֥ת and the wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 24 of 26
a wall of protection
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם of Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם of Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 25 of 26
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
סָבִֽיב׃ round about H5439
סָבִֽיב׃ round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 26 of 26
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

Analysis & Commentary

And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD, and the wall of Jerusalem round about.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's wisdom and the famous judgment, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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